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Page:    1 / 163      
Total 815 Questions | Updated On: Nov 18, 2024
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Question 1

…Until last year many people – but not most economists – thought that the economic data told a simple tale.
On one side, productivity – the average output of an average worker – was rising. And although the rate of
productivity increase was very slow during the 1970’s and early 1980’s, the official numbers said that it had
accelerated significantly in the 1990’s. By 1994 an average worker was producing about 20 percent more than
his or her counterpart in 1978.
On the other hand, other statistics said that real, inflation- adjusted wages had not been rising at anything like
the same rate. In fact, some of the most commonly cited numbers showed real wages actually falling over the
last 25 years. Those who did their homework knew that the gloomiest numbers overstated the case…Still, even
the most optimistic measure, the total hourly compensation of the average worker, rose only 3 percent between
1978 and 1994…
…But now the experts are telling us that the whole thing may have been a figment of our statistical
imaginations… a blue-ribbon panel of economists headed by Michael Boskin of Stanford declared that the
Consumer Price Index [C.P.I.] had been systematically overstating inflation, probably by more than 1 percent
per year for the last two decades, mainly failing to take account of changes in the patterns of consumption and
improvements in product quality…
…The Boskin report, in particular, is not an official document – it will be quite a while before the Government
actually issues a revised C.P.I., and the eventual revision may be smaller than Boskin and his colleagues
propose. Still, the general outline of the resolution is pretty clear. When all the revisions are taken into account,
productivity growth will probably look somewhat higher than it did before, because some of the revisions being
proposed to the way we measure consumer prices will also affect the way we calculate growth. But the rate of
growth of real wages will look much higher – and so it will now be roughly in line with productivity, which will
therefore reconcile numbers on productivity and wages with data that show a roughly unchanged distribution of
income between capital and labor. In other words, the whole story about workers not sharing in productivity
gains will turn out to have been based on a statistical illusion.
It is important not to go overboard on this point. There are real problems in America, and our previous concerns
were by no means pure hypochondria. For one thing, it remains true that the rate of economic progress over
the past 25 years has been much slower than it was in the previous 25. Even if Boskin’s numbers are right, the
income of the median family – which officially has experienced virtually no gain since 1973 – has risen by only
about 35 percent over the past 25 years, compared with 100 percent over the previous 25. Furthermore, it is
quite likely that if we “Boskinized” the old data – that is, if we tried to adjust the C.P.I. for the 50’s and 60’s to
take account of changing consumption patterns and rising product quality – we would find that official numbers
understated the rate of progress just as much if not more than they did in recent decades…
…Moreover, while workers as a group have shared fully in national productivity gains, they have not done so
equally. The overwhelming evidence of a huge increase in income inequality in America has nothing to do with
price indexes and is therefore unaffected by recent statistical revelations. It is still true that families in the
bottom fifth, who had 5.4 percent of total income in 1970, had only 4.2 percent in 1994; and that over the same
period the share of the top 5 percent went from 15.6 to 20.1. And it is still true that corporate C.E.O.’s, who
used to make about 35 times as much as their employees, now make 120 times as much or more…
…While these are real and serious problems, however, one thing is now clear: the truth about what is
happening in America is more subtle than the simplistic morality play about greedy capitalists and oppressed
workers that so many would-be sophisticates accepted only a few months ago. There was little excuse for
buying into that simplistic view then; there is no excuse now…
According to the passage, “Boskinization” adjusts the C.P.I. by:

Section: Verbal Reasoning

Answer: C
Question 2

Arginine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. Most healthy people do not need to supplement
with arginine because the body usually produces sufficient quantities. The pathway for arginine synthesis was
studied using cells from a red bread mold. This natural form of arginine is illustrated below.
MCAT-part-1-page303-image171
The red bread mold Neurospora crassa grows well on a cultural plate with "minimal" medium which is a fluid
containing only a few simple sugars, inorganic salts, and vitamin. Neurospora that grows normally in nature
(wild type) has enzymes that convert these simple substances into the amino acids necessary for growth.
Mutating any one of the genes that makes an enzyme can produce a Neurospora strain that cannot grow on
minimal medium. The mutant would only grow if the enzyme product were to be added as a supplement. On the
other hand, if a "complete" medium is provided, containing all required amino acids, then Neurospora would
grow, with or without mutation.
MCAT-part-1-page303-image170
Figure 1 A synthesis pathway for the amino acid arginine. Each gene in italics in the diagram produces one
enzyme necessary for the synthesis of this essential amino acid required for growth.
MCAT-part-1-page303-image169
Table 1 Growth response of mutant strains in “minimal” media with supplements (ornithine, citrulline,
argininosuccinate, and arginine) as indicated. Strain growth is indicated by (+) and no strain growth is indicated
by (−).
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of naturally-occurring arginine?

Section: Physical Sciences 

Answer: A
Question 3

Ink jet printers produce high resolution output, at a lower cost than laser printers, by generating charged ink
droplets which are then deflected onto a sheet of paper by an electric field. Each droplet deflected by the field
strikes the paper and forms a tiny dot of ink. While a typical printed letter requires about 100 drops, an ink jet
printer is able to produce drops at a rate of 100,000 per second.
The essential elements of the ink jet printer head are shown in Figure 1. The drop generator produces the ink
droplets, each with a mass of approximately 1.2 × 10−10 kg and a diameter of approximately 30 μm. The drops
then enter a highly precise charging unit which controls the charge q on each droplet to within 2%, with typical
charges for drops generated by various ink jet printers ranging from −1.0 × 10−13 C to −3.0 × 10−14 C. The
charged droplets are subsequently passed through the deflecting plates between which a variable electric field
is generated. The electronically controlled electric field between the plates is typically varied over a range from
1.0 × 106 N/C to 5.4 × 106 N/C, and is used to aim the ink droplet at the paper. 
MCAT-part-3-page300-image59
MCAT-part-3-page300-image58
An ink jet printer deflects a particular ink droplet by 1.5 mm in the region of the deflector. Which of the following
is a possible value of the work done on the droplet?

Section: Physical Sciences 

Answer: C
Question 4

…Until last year many people – but not most economists – thought that the economic data told a simple tale.
On one side, productivity – the average output of an average worker – was rising. And although the rate of
productivity increase was very slow during the 1970’s and early 1980’s, the official numbers said that it had
accelerated significantly in the 1990’s. By 1994 an average worker was producing about 20 percent more than
his or her counterpart in 1978.
On the other hand, other statistics said that real, inflation- adjusted wages had not been rising at anything like
the same rate. In fact, some of the most commonly cited numbers showed real wages actually falling over the
last 25 years. Those who did their homework knew that the gloomiest numbers overstated the case…Still, even
the most optimistic measure, the total hourly compensation of the average worker, rose only 3 percent between
1978 and 1994…
…But now the experts are telling us that the whole thing may have been a figment of our statistical
imaginations… a blue-ribbon panel of economists headed by Michael Boskin of Stanford declared that the
Consumer Price Index [C.P.I.] had been systematically overstating inflation, probably by more than 1 percent
per year for the last two decades, mainly failing to take account of changes in the patterns of consumption and
improvements in product quality…
…The Boskin report, in particular, is not an official document – it will be quite a while before the Government
actually issues a revised C.P.I., and the eventual revision may be smaller than Boskin and his colleagues
propose. Still, the general outline of the resolution is pretty clear. When all the revisions are taken into account,
productivity growth will probably look somewhat higher than it did before, because some of the revisions being
proposed to the way we measure consumer prices will also affect the way we calculate growth. But the rate of
growth of real wages will look much higher – and so it will now be roughly in line with productivity, which will
therefore reconcile numbers on productivity and wages with data that show a roughly unchanged distribution of
income between capital and labor. In other words, the whole story about workers not sharing in productivity
gains will turn out to have been based on a statistical illusion.
It is important not to go overboard on this point. There are real problems in America, and our previous concerns
were by no means pure hypochondria. For one thing, it remains true that the rate of economic progress over
the past 25 years has been much slower than it was in the previous 25. Even if Boskin’s numbers are right, the
income of the median family – which officially has experienced virtually no gain since 1973 – has risen by only
about 35 percent over the past 25 years, compared with 100 percent over the previous 25. Furthermore, it is
quite likely that if we “Boskinized” the old data – that is, if we tried to adjust the C.P.I. for the 50’s and 60’s to
take account of changing consumption patterns and rising product quality – we would find that official numbers
understated the rate of progress just as much if not more than they did in recent decades…
…Moreover, while workers as a group have shared fully in national productivity gains, they have not done so
equally. The overwhelming evidence of a huge increase in income inequality in America has nothing to do with
price indexes and is therefore unaffected by recent statistical revelations. It is still true that families in the
bottom fifth, who had 5.4 percent of total income in 1970, had only 4.2 percent in 1994; and that over the same
period the share of the top 5 percent went from 15.6 to 20.1. And it is still true that corporate C.E.O.’s, who
used to make about 35 times as much as their employees, now make 120 times as much or more…
…While these are real and serious problems, however, one thing is now clear: the truth about what is
happening in America is more subtle than the simplistic morality play about greedy capitalists and oppressed
workers that so many would-be sophisticates accepted only a few months ago. There was little excuse for
buying into that simplistic view then; there is no excuse now…
The Boskin report does all of the following EXCEPT:

Section: Verbal Reasoning

Answer: C
Question 5

If the distance between two bodies each 1 Kg is 1 meter, then the force of attraction between these two bodies
is:

Section: Physical Sciences 

Answer: C
Page:    1 / 163      
Total 815 Questions | Updated On: Nov 18, 2024
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